12-28-2024, 04:05 AM
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Mammals are unique in that they ;re the only animals whose brains feature a neocortex 鈥?a recently evolved structure that responsible for higher order functioning like conscious thought, sensory perception, spatial reasoning, and language. But now, scientists working at the University of Chicago have confirmed that birds have their own version of the neocortex 鈥?one that may actually give them certain cognitive advantages over mammals. The discovery will have profound implicat stanley website ions for our understanding of why birds appear to exhibit such high-levels of intelligence, reasoning, and self-awareness. Different structures Both mammals and birds have a brain structure called the dorsal ventricular ridge DVR that originates from an embryonic region called the telencephalon. But that where the similarity ends; th stanley us e two regions go on to develop into very different shapes, with the standard mammalian neocortex comprised of six cortical layers, while the bird DVR contains large clusters of neurons called nuclei. For the past 50 years, scientists have debated the purpose of this mysterious structure. Because the neocortex was only seen in mammals, it was thought that the DVR was a kind of amygdala, the brain organ responsible for learning and emotional r botella stanley eactions. Not satisfied with that explanation, neuroscientist Harvey Karten speculated back in the 1960s that it may in fact be a kind of neocortex 鈥?but he lacked proof. But this has changed. Neurobiolog Yvhd A Crash Course In Matter
More than two million semis travel some 120,000 miles apiece along America arterial highways every year at an average efficiency of just 6 MPG. Six. Miles per gallo stanley cup n of diesel鈥攏ot even Hummers are that wasteful. However, a new Super Truck design by Peterbilt has shown it can g stanley tumblers o the same distance for half the gas. It called the Class 8 Peterbilt 587. Developed over a four year span as part of Peterilt and Cummins $77.6 million Super Truck program, the 587 is built for efficiency. It powered by a six-cylinder, Cummins ISX15 engine with 400-600 HP and features a host of enegry saving subsystems, including waste heat collectors, navigation guidance that automatically reroutes to maximize fuel economy, and low-rolling resistance tires. At 65,000 pounds, the 587 is also 15,000 pounds lighter than the legal maximum. As a result, the 587 notched a relatively impressive 9.9 MPG鈥攁 54 percent increase over the national standard鈥攄uring a series of 11 runs along a 312-mile stretch of U.S. Route 287 between Fort Worth and Vernon, Texas. That impro stanley bottles ved efficiency translates into a $25,000 annual fuel savings per truck and a 34 percent drop in green house gasses. What more, according to a Cummins press release, In addition to the fuel economy improvements, the truck also demonstrated a 61 percent improvement in freight efficiency during testing compared to a baseline truck driving the same route. That significantly exceeded the 5
Mammals are unique in that they ;re the only animals whose brains feature a neocortex 鈥?a recently evolved structure that responsible for higher order functioning like conscious thought, sensory perception, spatial reasoning, and language. But now, scientists working at the University of Chicago have confirmed that birds have their own version of the neocortex 鈥?one that may actually give them certain cognitive advantages over mammals. The discovery will have profound implicat stanley website ions for our understanding of why birds appear to exhibit such high-levels of intelligence, reasoning, and self-awareness. Different structures Both mammals and birds have a brain structure called the dorsal ventricular ridge DVR that originates from an embryonic region called the telencephalon. But that where the similarity ends; th stanley us e two regions go on to develop into very different shapes, with the standard mammalian neocortex comprised of six cortical layers, while the bird DVR contains large clusters of neurons called nuclei. For the past 50 years, scientists have debated the purpose of this mysterious structure. Because the neocortex was only seen in mammals, it was thought that the DVR was a kind of amygdala, the brain organ responsible for learning and emotional r botella stanley eactions. Not satisfied with that explanation, neuroscientist Harvey Karten speculated back in the 1960s that it may in fact be a kind of neocortex 鈥?but he lacked proof. But this has changed. Neurobiolog Yvhd A Crash Course In Matter
More than two million semis travel some 120,000 miles apiece along America arterial highways every year at an average efficiency of just 6 MPG. Six. Miles per gallo stanley cup n of diesel鈥攏ot even Hummers are that wasteful. However, a new Super Truck design by Peterbilt has shown it can g stanley tumblers o the same distance for half the gas. It called the Class 8 Peterbilt 587. Developed over a four year span as part of Peterilt and Cummins $77.6 million Super Truck program, the 587 is built for efficiency. It powered by a six-cylinder, Cummins ISX15 engine with 400-600 HP and features a host of enegry saving subsystems, including waste heat collectors, navigation guidance that automatically reroutes to maximize fuel economy, and low-rolling resistance tires. At 65,000 pounds, the 587 is also 15,000 pounds lighter than the legal maximum. As a result, the 587 notched a relatively impressive 9.9 MPG鈥攁 54 percent increase over the national standard鈥攄uring a series of 11 runs along a 312-mile stretch of U.S. Route 287 between Fort Worth and Vernon, Texas. That impro stanley bottles ved efficiency translates into a $25,000 annual fuel savings per truck and a 34 percent drop in green house gasses. What more, according to a Cummins press release, In addition to the fuel economy improvements, the truck also demonstrated a 61 percent improvement in freight efficiency during testing compared to a baseline truck driving the same route. That significantly exceeded the 5
